*their base effect (hidden in the upgrade description); and*the number of destroyed [[Planets|planets]]. The base effect is not displayed in the upgrade description. For regular upgrades, the base effect usually is 1%, but [[Toxic bullets]], for example, have a base effect of 5%. The final effect of the particular upgrade is calculated according to the formula: <code>effect = base effect / '''decreaser''' </code> ''where'' <code>'''decreaser''' = (PlanetsDestroyed + 1) × (PlanetsDestroyed + 1) </code>